Those who depend on land or water resources for their food run the risk of being deprived of access to such resources.
Those who forage the forest for food, or till the land to grow food, or go to catch fish in the sea are vulnerable to getting hungry.
Once considered encroachers, people living in a forest are effectively made to suffer hunger.
The Karen community in Thailand who live in the forest that has been declared a protected area by the Thai government and subsequently listed by UNESCO as Natural World Heritage Site had to be displaced for the sake of protecting the site as a valued natural resource.
Forced resettlement outside of the forest made the Karen community unable to grow their own food due to lack of fertile land to till, and forced them to seek work in the city.
In the case of Pacific island states, the issue is about the vulnerability of coastal communities that suffer from inadequate income from traditional activities in fishery areas affected by climate change. With low fish catch, people in coastal communities suffer from rising cost of food and high global fuel prices.
While the Pacific ocean supplies a significant amount of fish to the global market, fishery resources accessible to coastal communities suffer.