India : Unni Krishnan, J.P. & Ors. v. State of Andhra Pradesh & Ors. Cited as: 1993 AIR 217, 1993 SCR (1) 594, 1993 SCC (1) 645, JT 1993 (1) 474, 1993 SCALE (1)290 (4 February, 1993)


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Does the right to education cover education at the tertiary level? Do people have the right to establish educational institutions?

Court ruling

1.The  citizens of this country have a fundamental  right to  education.    The said right flows from Article 21. This right  is, however, not an absolute right.  Its content     and parameters have to be determined in the light of Articles 45 and 41. In other words, every child/citizen of this country has a right to free education until he completes the age  of 14  years.  Thereafter his right to education is subject  to
the  limits  of     economic capacity and    development  of     the State. [693B-C] 21.The obligations created by Articles 41, 45 and 46 of the Constitution  can  be  discharged by  the  State  either  by establishing   institutions  of,  Its  own  or    by   aiding, recognising and/or granting affiliation to private educational institutions.  Where and not granted to  private educational   institutions   and   merely   recognition  or affiliation  is     granted  It may a"  be     insisted  that     the private education institution shall charge only that fee  as is charged for similar courses in governmental Institutions. The  private  educational  institutions     have  to  and are entitled  to charge a higher fee not exceeding    the  ceiling fixed  in  that behalf.     The admission of students  and     the charging  of fee in these private  educationalinstitutions shall be governed by the evolved by this Court [693D-E] 3.A citizen of this country may have a right to establish an  educational     institution  but  no  citizen,     person      or institution  has  a right much less a fundamental right  to or  recognition,  or to grant-in-aid from  the    State.     The
recognition  and  affiliation shall be given  by  the  State subject only to the conditions set out in, and In accordance with,    the   scheme   laid  down   by     this    Court. No Government/University  or  authority shall be  competent  to grant recognition or affiliation with the said scheme. The said scheme shall constitute recognition or affiliation,  as the  case  may    be,  in     addition  except  In  accordance  a condition  of such to such other conditions and terms  which such Government, University or other authority may choose to impose.
 

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